Regresión espontánea de tumores cerebrales en niños: Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
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Resumen
Introducción: Se definen como lesiones ocupantes de espacio que presentan características radiológicas de tumores y que se resuelven espontáneamente durante el seguimiento radiológico. La regresión espontánea de tumores es un fenómeno raro, con una tasa de regresión en tumores malignos de 1/60.000 a 100.000 pacientes. Materiales y Métodos: Femenino de 11 años con polidipsia, poliuria, pérdida de peso de 5 kg, ataxia, cefalea, pérdida de visión y diabetes insípida. TC con tumor dependiente de quiasma que ocupa la cisterna interpenduncular desplazando el hipotálamo ventralmente. Resultados: Se realizó biopsia excisional mediante abordaje pterional y resección microquirúrgica, durante el procedimiento transquirúrgico se encontró engrosamiento del quiasma y nervios ópticos. Se notificó astocitoma pilocítico de grado I de la OMS. En el seguimiento de dos años con resonancia magnética cerebral, observamos una regresión completa del tumor. Discusión: La citorreducción parcial del tumor, biopsia, radioterapia o quimioterapia juegan un papel en el inicio de la apoptosis del tumor. El trauma quirúrgico altera favorablemente la actividad biológica del tumor y el estado inmunológico del huésped. Conclusiones: Los mecanismos de regresión espontánea e involución espontánea del tumor residual después de la cirugía no se conocen. La apoptosis puede ser el denominador común, los posibles mecanismos incluyen factores inmunológicos, genéticos y biológicos.
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Regresión espontánea, Astrocitoma pilocítico, Tumores cerebrales, Apoptosis
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